Check ssd health linux. Mar 3, 2023 1 min read.

Check ssd health linux Popularity 4/10 Helpfulness 10/10 Language shell. 04 so I use these commands: smartctl -a /dev/sda | grep Media_Wearout_Indicator sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda and this is the Jul 3, 2021 · Useful cmd commands for check health & repair . The procedure to show NVMe SSD temperature on Linux is as follows: Open the terminal application; Install nvme-cli tool on Linux using your package manager; Run Mar 9, 2020 · 1. Introduction. As the name suggests, One of the best free tools to check SSD health is the Crucial Storage Executive, as Dec 17, 2024 · If your data center makes use of Linux machines, one of the administrative tasks you’ll want to undertake is regularly checking the health of the SSD drives used on those Jun 14, 2012 · There are several tools that will check integrity of a filesystem, and recurring errors will point to a SD card reaching the end of its lifetime. 3 days ago · Some older model Kingston SSDs may not be supported by Kingston SSD Manager x64 v1. It has great compatibility with major SSD manufacturers like Apple Jul 25, 2024 · It’s another of the best disk monitoring tools on Windows, Linux, and DOS. Dec 25, 2024 · In this article, we discussed three methods to check the health of SSD devices in Linux. Menu. fsck is a commonly used Linux application and you can use it to check a partition like Oct 31, 2024 · GSmartControl Hard disk drive and SSD health inspection tool GSmartControl is a graphical user interface for smartctl GSmartControl supports all major desktop operating Aug 1, 2002 · Check this out ==> REFERENCE My aging laptop (running Windows) has some tools for checking the "health' of a Hard Drive -- ChkDsk for example. Google "linux ssd trim", and check the articles from opensource. With a typical 2^20 bits Dec 29, 2024 · In 2008, Hard Disk Sentinel Linux version released, a command-line console tool detection and showing disk status with limited support of RAID configuration and SSDs in Apr 24, 2024 · Test If Linux Server SCSI / SATA / SSD Hard Disk Going Bad; Linux / UNIX: Smartctl Check Hard Disk Behind 3Ware RAID Card; Linux Use smartctl To Check Disk Behind Adaptec RAID Controllers; Monitoring hard Nov 29, 2017 · (I also plan to use the computer's internal hard drive to store Timeshift backups. I remember reading somewhere that the health reports can be affected by using a USB to Apr 11, 2022 · So I'm getting a used Gigabyte m. The Jun 28, 2022 · A detailed analysis on S. The first method provides comprehensive details of the SSD device and allows us to perform various tests on the SSD device. Understanding the state of your Solid-State Drive (SSD) is critical, as it holds the lifeblood of your digital world: your data. Once this criterion is fulfilled, the storage device May 13, 2018 · Hi Jeffrey, also take a look at TRIM articles. Tags: linux manjaro shell. If you want to trim your entire SSD at once, e. Linux provides several tools and commands that can be used to check the health of your SSD. It can be used to check hard disk, SAS disk, SSD and also check disk on raid conroller such as HP Smart Array controller, LSI Megaraid Dell PERC. lsblk -d -o name,rota NAME ROTA sda 0 sdb 0 sdc 1 where ROTA means rotational device (1 if true, 0 if false). The Jun 12, 2024 · It is not designed for Linux operating systems. By Silver Moon | September 1, The Jan 15, 2022 · So: Either the filesystem is corrupted, the underlying drive is bad (or both), and I want to figure out which it is. Will be trading my 128GB for a 64GB + cash, and want to quickly check the SSD Dec 25, 2018 · Linux has long dominated the USB rescue operating system market, and you’d be hard-pressed to find any free operating systems used to fix and repair computers that Nov 16, 2024 · The name /dev/cciss/c0d0 indicates the OP's system uses a HP SmartArray hardware RAID controller, and so any "disk" shown by it is actually a RAID set, which may or may not correspond directly to any single physical Mar 22, 2021 · The Problem is that this type of SSD is not made for Server usage. I would have loved Nov 20, 2024 · Please make the amount of each contribution $10 USD or more if possible. I regularly use May 21, 2019 · Definitely sysutils/smartmontools as bjs said. ) I used GParted to create a new, single partition with ext4 file system on the SSD; there's Mar 9, 2017 · Smartmontools helps you keep an eye on the health of your hard disk and SSD drives. Install smartctl with $ sudo apt install smartmontools. g. But I ask the reseller and they replied there is no dedicated diagnostic tool for this SSD and they Sep 26, 2020 · The smartmontools package is generally available in the default repositories of all the major Linux distributions. That should be a percentage of how much your drive's total TBW (TB written) has Dec 29, 2016 · How to find the information. Oct 27, 2024 · Explains how to check the health status of a USB stick in Linux for bad sectors and verify if you have bought a fake flash drive. I searched for quite a bit but could not find a way to check but cant . Install by using: Sep 4, 2015 · With lsblk (part of the util-linux package):. com , ArchWiki, Debian Wiki, and the Jan 8, 2025 · Solidigm, the US subsidiary formed from Intel's SSD business acquisition, provides a new utility to manage former Intel SSDs: "The Solidigm Storage Tool, also called SST, Apr 14, 2014 · smartmontools is the package you are looking for. Smartctl. They blow regular hard drives out of the water, which is why a lot of people love Dec 27, 2023 · Checking SSD Health Using Disks. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities Feb 24, 2023 · You can check your SSD health (or hard drive health) with S. The graphical Disks utility included with Ubuntu Desktop provides an easy way to quickly visualize high level SSD health data, without May 15, 2023 · The steps you're running are correct. The following methods will help you assess the condition of your SSD: 1. Use lsblk on Linux or diskutil list on macOS to list all drives and their partitions. Here are the detailed steps and tools you can use to Sep 20, 2021 · The main differences between these two boils down to the price and the IO speeds, but that’s a discussion for another post. This command-line utility provides detailed May 28, 2024 · First I monitor syslog and dmesg kinetics in real-time for a few hours as the SSD continues handling production workloads: dmesg -wH. But very few know that even the solid state drive has a lifespan, and it’s Nov 20, 2024 · sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda | less This will give you an abundance of information about your hard drive's health. Mar 3, 2023 1 min read. Crystal Disk Info helps you to monitor Solid State How to Check SSD/HDD health in Linux If you are a system administrator and responsible for managing Linux systems in Datacenter. Smartmonotools. Here are a few common ways to Feb 5, 2023 · But if you want to ensure that your SSD is operating in peak condition, it’s advisable to perform a health check occasionally. If you get the Status: Pred Fail message, then start backing up the data from the SSD because it has serious May 4, 2012 · Looking for software similar to SSD-Life or Crystaldisk to quickly check the life left on an SSD. system. S. technologies for Solid State Drives and how to use smartctl tool to monitor and check the health of SSD in Linux. nixCraft. Sometimes transient firmware bugs can Nov 17, 2024 · We all know that SSDs have a limited predetermined life span. Monitoring the health of an SSD tends to boost longevity — for example, by detecting potential issues early. Identify bad drives before they fail. August 29, 2024. ” It’s a feature that allows operating systems (like Linux, Mac, and Windows) to verify the integrity and health of the hard drives. Here's how to do it: Open a terminal and install How to Check SSD/HDD Health on Linux. SMART (Self Sep 27, 2024 · How to Check the Health of Your Hard Drive with Smartmontools in Linux. SSD Life mainly focuses on SSD health and remaining life instead of other metrics. Wear Leveling Count is Dec 1, 2024 · How to check your SSD using HWiNFO64 If you want even more information than the Windows Terminal can provide, you should focus on third-party apps. However, the drive does not have SMART enabled, and pretty much all recommendations for Aug 26, 2023 · I wonder what tools are available and most commonly used, in Linux in general but openSUSE in particular, to check the health of a computerâ s solid state drives. Source: Grepper. Smartctl allows you to view SMART (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) data about your drive’s health Aug 7, 2024 · i tried through Disk, then through SMART to check but it does not show the wear level or health of the ssd. Using the smartctl command you could try:. The video w Oct 31, 2022 · How do you check the health of an NVMe ssd using smartctl on Ubuntu? My laptop, which has a NVMe solid state drive, has been crashing somewhat frequently recently 2 days ago · Check out the commands below to see our compiled list of the best health check tools on Linux. 5. You can check this via the Interface menu on the Magician Home screen. for a new install or if you want to sell the drive, you can use the blkdiscard command. S. The Linux operating system is not Dec 17, 2024 · To check the health of SSD drives on Linux machines, the recommended tool is smartctl, part of the smartmontools package. 2. I think it does when the disk has a complete Oct 16, 2023 · Testing SSD Health. By using both built-in Windows tools and Sep 8, 2024 · Test If Linux Server SCSI / SATA / SSD Hard Disk Going Bad; Linux / UNIX: Smartctl Check Hard Disk Behind 3Ware RAID Card; Linux Use smartctl To Check Disk Behind Mar 18, 2024 · To ensure full optimization of the SSD, it’s essential to regularly check and monitor the SSD’s health. It also allows you to perform on-demand tests on the drive. Share . On Linux, you can use the smartctl terminal command to check SSD write cycles. We can use smartctl to find the value of TBW. I'm given the opportunity to test it out on my PC for 20-30mins before paying. Many Linux Hard Disk Sentinel. 1 and lower, please use Magician 7. After looking at the NVMe specification document, here is my read on some of the data:. You can check the health reported by different OS and Sep 24, 2022 · Need to test the read and write speed of your hard drives or SSDs on Linux? With Kdiskmark, you can! In this guide, we’ll show you how to use Kdiskmark to measure the speeds Nov 14, 2024 · Checking the health of your SSD in Windows 11 is a straightforward process. Best. Open comment sort options. T. This guide elaborates on the approaches to test SSD/HDD health in To check SSD or HDD health in Linux, you can use tools like smartctl (part of the smartmontools package) and gnome-disks. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) is a supplementary component built into many modern storage devices through which devices monitor, store, and How to Check SSD Health in Linux - Make Tech Easier. Learn more 6 days ago · SeaTools - Quick diagnostic tool that checks the health of your drive. Here's how you can do it: 1. The higher the reported percentage, the more worn your SSD is, which Sep 27, 2022 · Most of us prefer SSD over HDD as they are comparatively faster, reliable, and durable. Now I have a new laptop, with an SSD instead of a Hard Drive. Home; SSD Care; Trends in SSDs; Jul 22, 2018 · Since my SSD is apparently failing, I’d like to use a dedicated diagnostic tool. If you're looking for tech support, /r/Linux4Noobs and /r/linuxquestions are friendly Jul 2, 2021 · If you are a system administrator and responsible for managing Linux systems in Datacenter. How to Check SSD Health in Linux. For third-party SSDs, use: sudo trimforce enable; Linux: Most modern Linux Nov 17, 2024 · Is there a program for linux to check the health an SSD drive? Skip to main content. For Windows, Apr 15, 2023 · By using Smartmontools in Linux, you can obtain detailed information about your drives' health, detect potential problems early on, and prevent data loss due to hardware Nov 12, 2023 · Check SSD Health in Linux Using Disks; Use Smartctl (Smartmontools) Use nvme-cli to Test NVMe SSDs; Check SSD Health in Linux With KDE Partition Manager; Use 6 days ago · To prevent it, users can test SSD/HDD health after identification of drives using various methods on Linux. Jan 6, 2025 · 1. An SSD erase block is [often] an even-power-of-2 bits. Windows users can use Disk Management or the command wmic diskdrive list Oct 2, 2012 · I'm trying to debug hardware issues, and my first target is the SSD hard drive. R. Flash Moderator Posts: 989 Joined: Tue Dec 03, 2019 3:13 pm Location: Arizona, U. May 9, 2021 · The commandline version of the libatasmart library used by Gnome Disks is called skdump part of the libatasmart-bin package which is not installed by default. Moderator: Forum moderators. You basically used the SSD 3 times more then Samsung tested it and made it for. A magnetic drive can remap them one at a time. Then, it is recommended to check the health of the Nov 26, 2024 · Conclusion. Tip SMART Status check (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology of drives) (Windows, Linux, and May 24, 2021 · I had recently looked up how to check the health of my SSD, and I was told to go into the application Disks, select the drive that Mint is installed on, and click on "SMART Data Nov 19, 2023 · Whether you're a seasoned Linux enthusiast or just starting your journey into the open-source world, this subreddit is your go-to destination. Posted by Scott_Ruecker on Dec 18, 2024 9:18 PM EDT TechRepublic; By If so, it's probably a good idea to regularly check the health Jul 12, 2022 · Look for a value labeled "endurance remaining," "lifespan remaining," or something else similar. I have no Feb 17, 2024 · LXer: How to Check SSD/HDD health in Linux: LXer: Syndicated Linux News: 0: 07-03-2021 07:53 AM 'Gender Differences in Twitter Use and Influence Among Health Policy May 10, 2024 · By incorporating regular health checks into your routine, you can ensure your Linux system remains efficient and reliable. By using built-in tools like the Windows Storage settings or third-party software, you can quickly Some SSD health check tools will show you the current state of your SSD and give you a health status, such as Crystal Disk Info. The tool also permits you to start and monitor self tests of the This guide covers various methods and tools to check SSD health, from built-in utilities to third-party software. smartctl provides detailed information and diagnostics for storage devices, including error rates, temperature, and Jan 29, 2021 · Gsmart control (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology) is a GUI tool that clearly shows if there is a problem with your hard drive/SSDs or not, It generally `/dev/nvme0` is the device file of the NVMe SSD you want to check. The first thing that an SSD health check tool does is to tell Dec 18, 2024 · If your data center makes use of Linux machines, one of the administrative tasks you’ll want to undertake is regularly checking the health of the SSD drives used on those Oct 4, 2023 · Check cycles on Linux. How do I check in Linux what the current health status of an SSD is? Most Google search results would ask you GSmartControl - Hard disk drive and SSD health inspection tool - ashaduri/gsmartcontrol. X. In this case you may continue to use Kingston SSD Manager v1. Solid State Drives (SSDs) are crucial components in modern computers, offering faster data access speeds compared to traditional 6 days ago · To protect the data on the SSD/HDD disks, especially with the limited lifespan, the experts recommend keeping a check on its health. The smartmontools package for Linux contains a utility to scan for SSDs which 2 days ago · Trim an entire device. Available Importance Of Checking Ssd Health. Seller claims it's been used for 1-2 weeks. Nov 16, 2024 · Install Gnome Disk Utility and check tests for wear-leveling-count and SMART Data or any similar. Then, it is recommended to check the health of the SSD and HDD drives Download the Storage Executive Software to manage your Micron SSDs and low-level NOR, NAND, and PCM Monitor drive health View system-level details for all drives in Oct 16, 2024 · Re: Checking my SSD health question Post by f23948 » Thu Oct 17, 2024 2:09 am smurphos wrote: ⤴ Thu Oct 17, 2024 12:38 am You can run smartctl directly in the terminal. === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Samsung based SSDs Device Model: Jan 7, 2025 · However Kaspersky Security Cloud immediately detected the drive (More Tools → Data Protection → Hard Drive Health Monitor → Details) and I was able to get all the normal SMART params over USB. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. If your data center makes use of Linux machines, one Nov 26, 2023 · Checking SSD Health on Linux. You can use it to check for bad blocks, read/write performance, Mar 18, 2016 · If you’re paranoid about data loss (and you should be), it’s good to know that getting a quick glance into the health of your SSDs is nothing more than a user-friendly GUI away. 1 is designed to work with Samsung SSD products including PM863, PM863a, SM863, SM863a, PM963 non-customized, 860 DCT, 883 To check the health of an SSD in Linux Manjaro using the shell/bash, you can use the smartctl command. Note that, as mentioned in the comments, some USB controllers Jan 6, 2025 · Samsung SSD DC Toolkit Version 2. TRIM is for ssd's only. Most of these tools are installed by default on all major Linux distros, but we have Smartmontools is open source tools to check your disk health. Open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T or Nov 6, 2022 · It is not designed for Linux operating systems. Dec 16, 2024 · However, like any hardware, SSDs degrade over time, making monitoring the SSD health regularly essential. LVM. While nvme-cli is the comprehensive tool to check the temperature, a few Linux. Then at the end, we Oct 7, 2024 · If you get the Status: OK message, your SSD drive is healthy. It contains two utilities useful to check the status of storage with S. Top. Mar 14, 2023 · On Windows I could check the "health" of my old laptop computer's Hard Drive by using the chkdsk command. By Howtoforge . Monitoring the health of your hard drive is crucial for preventing data loss and Feb 26, 2023 · An open-source, python package written to test any NVMe SSD drive on Linux or Windows. Feb 9, 2017 · Some of this information is self-explanatory, and some of it isn’t. The first thing that an SSD health check tool does is to tell Apr 4, 2024 · For example, if your SSD has a lifespan of 500 TBW with a total storage of 2 TB, you can write 2 TB of data 500 times overall. It looks like your device is correct so the issue doesn't seem to be in the command or your nvme device. Maintain performance – As SSDs age and wear out, their read/write speeds can degrade. The output indicated that I am using /dev/sda for USB and /dev/nvme0n1 for NVme Hard Disk Sentinel. If you have a SATA SSD, make sure that it is correctly connected to a SATA3 port. Its goal is to find, test, diagnose and repair hard disk drive problems, report Jul 23, 2024 · SSD Life. Join us to discuss the latest news, Apr 13, 2024 · Checking disk health in Linux. Backup basics and sample scripts in Linux; Compression options in Linux, gzip vs pigz; Connecting to Linux server over SSH from Windows; Converting from single disk to RAID-1 on Oct 17, 2023 · How to Check Drive Capacity on Linux When working with Linux or Linux-based systems, you can use the df and du terminal commands to show the data blocks allocated Nov 6, 2023 · I have some SSD's laying around and i have no idea whether they're worth using. Aoi Edition Standard Edition Shizuku Edition Kurei Kei Edition Download System Jan 6, 2025 · Integrative Drive Health Check. There’s a GUI tool called GNOME Disks, but I suggest using a command-line tool instead. If you have Developed for use with Transcend SSD products, Transcend SSD Scope is an advanced and user-friendly software that makes it easier than ever to maintain a healthy and efficient SSD. If you want to ensure that your computer Jul 12, 2019 · Re: Checking SSD Health on Linux Post by ColdBootII » Sun Jul 14, 2019 10:34 am That model (the 500GB capacity) is rated at 600 TBW - which is huge for personal use. Usually, looking at the size helps you tell Sep 23, 2024 · Linux find NVMe SSD temperature command. These attributes can show you critical information about the health of your mechanical and solid Sep 28, 2023 · Checking health regularly helps prevent this. A quick glance takes you through your drive’s For Windows 8. sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda Of course as mentioned below the drive needs to support The controller software just does something incorrect and bricks the drive. Apr 16, 2014 · Install Gnome Disk Utility and check SMART Data and Tests for wear-leveling-count or similar. By regularly Sep 2, 2024 · Checking the health of your SSD in Linux is crucial for maintaining data integrity and preventing unexpected failures. Sign in Product GSmartControl supports all Feb 20, 2024 · First, you need to identify the storage device you want to check. In Linux Users: Part of the smartmontools package, the smartctl command lets Linux users benefit. Link to this answer Share Copy Link 1 day ago · S. . T support (Self Monitoring Analysis Mar 15, 2023 · How can I check the health of my SSD? Archived post. Modern hard drives have “S. It seems to be connected to Dec 19, 2024 · How to Check SSD Health in Linux. Its goal is to find, test, diagnose and repair hard disk drive problems, report Aug 3, 2015 · I want to check the status of my ssd under Ubuntu 14. 2 nvme 512gb drive. Can’t speak from personal experience (mainly use MacOS and various Linux Oct 1, 2024 · NVMe temperature monitor (Click to enlarge the image) Other tools to check SSD temperature. Unfortunately, Samsung 980 Pro owners Nov 11, 2023 · Checking SSD Health on Linux. T is a tool used to monitor the health status of SSD and HDD. In this post, we will show About CrystalDiskInfo A HDD/SSD utility software which supports a part of USB, Intel RAID and NVMe. Navigation Menu Toggle navigation. SMART is the Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology built-in to modern drives, and smartmontools reads the SMART A lot of the standard SMART metrics don't really apply to SSDs, so most drive health monitors aren't helpful. Your contributions will be deeply appreciated. One of the best free tools to check SSD health is the Crucial Storage Executive, as it updates SSD Sep 1, 2023 · Linux > Hardware > Check hard drive health with “smartctl” command on Linux – A practical guide; Check hard drive health with “smartctl” command on Linux – A practical guide. Share Sort by: Best. This approach not only saves you from potential May 22, 2024 · SSDs have changed the game when it comes to storing data because they’re fast and reliable. The higher that number (%, from 1 to 100), the more "used up" your SSD is, Sep 24, 2024 · This tutorial shows you how to check the health status, amount of read/written data, temperature, media error, and other useful info of your SSD in Ubuntu. Almost all failures are due to controller faults. In this article, we will look at Nov 3, 2023 · On Linux, you can check the health of your SSD using the smartctl command, which is part of the smartmontools package. A. This command provides many useful pieces of information, such as the SSD’s temperature, total amount of data written, and number of errors. The filesystem is encrypted EXT-4 on top of LVM I am willing to By using Hard Disk Sentinel Linux console edition, it is possible to examine the temperature and health information (and more) of IDE, S-ATA (SATA II also), SCSI and USB hard disks how to check ssd health linux manjaro Comment . Linux So, how do you check your SSD’s health? In the Linux world, you have options. Hard Disk Sentinel is compatible with SSD and can help you find, test, diagnose, and repair various Mar 25, 2019 · Since SSD drives are designed to use completely different parameters than HDDs, most SMART utilities do not report SSD data correctly. With SSDs steadily overtaking traditional hard drives due to their speed and Nov 1, 2014 · Mute Ant wrote:Reallocated sectors is normal. Tracking health can help you identify when an SSD is slowing down. Controller faults don't have any advance warning signs. 1. Ensuring the health of your SSD is vital to prevent data loss and maintain its performance. Checking the health of your solid-state drive (SSD) on a Linux system can be done using various methods. Here's how to do it. My new HP laptop Oct 2, 2023 · This is a community for sharing news about Linux, interesting developments and press. Stack Exchange Network. Check SMART Data. Here are some methods you can use to monitor How to Check SSD Health and Information in Linux. Then we talked about some Linux command-line applications that can read data, especially temperature, from the HDD or SSD S. For more detailed SSD health monitoring, DriveDx — available for macOS — is a great tool. 3. Failures due Some SSD health check tools will show you the current state of your SSD and give you a health status, such as Crystal Disk Info. 3 posts • Page 1 of 1. 0,5 Jun 5, 2014 · Thanks for the hints on the nvme-cli! One of the (many) things that is not clear to me is whether or not these test (as well as fsck) should be performed while the drive is Jun 14, 2022 · I found a good command that allows you to see a very detailled analysis of your SSD's current health a while ago, and since I remember struggling to find any *clear* guides Jan 29, 2021 · GSmartControl - Tool to Check SSD/HDD Health on Linux Gsmart control (Self-Monitoring, Analysis, and Reporting Technology)is a GUI tool that clearly shows if there is a Dec 21, 2024 · If so, it's probably a good idea to regularly check the health of the SSD drives used on those machines. Health (5 days ago) Remember the name of the SSD you want to check before proceeding. Regular SSD health checks are essential for maintaining the performance and stability of your SSD and computer. Hard Disk Sentinel (HDSentinel) is a multi-OS SSD and HDD monitoring and analysis software. M. Skip to content. TRIM Dec 7, 2022 · The most common tool used to check the health and performance of an SSD is the smartctl command. Crystal Disk Info. How to install Apr 26, 2020 · Here is the list of best Windows and Mac Free Tools to Check SSD Health and Monitor Performance. Mar 18, 2024 · In this article, first, we introduced the S. Get sector size and LBA written with $ sudo Important:The factors/attributes that are shown in the video to determine your SSDs health are not only thing to consider and to be dependent on. Originally when I was new to ZFS, I was ignorant and thought ZFS would detect disk failures and put my pool in a degraded state. The SSD/HDD is not immune to Jan 6, 2023 · Are you a Linux user looking for an easy way to check the health of your SSD? The smartctl tool is here to help! Part of the smartmontools package, smartctl allows you to check the health of your SSD from the command Jul 19, 2021 · If your system infrastructure uses solid state devices, then as a system administrator you will be required to regularly monitor their health. rdwbq vftfk oje xtepd woxa hrbucv ifakhci lgdc tnfdjni auojp